Concretecracks easily due to environmental actions and loading effects.
High Life-Cycle Cost: about 40% of total construction costs are related to repair and maintenance of existing structures in industrially developed countries.
Over-Consumption of Natural Resources: diminishing amount of limestone in some regions shows that concrete will not be a cost-effective in the near future.
Negative Environmental Impact: considerable emission of greenhouse gases (such as CO2) are due to the process of producing portland cement (1 ton cement produces 1 ton CO2 (and other greenhouse gases)
Other: further consumption of energy and release of CO2 due to construction machines and traffic jam during repair and replacement work.
