如何从混凝土中移除污渍

It is always better to remove the contaminant and clean the concrete surface as soon as possible because if it penetrates into the concrete, the removal of stains may be more difficult. To reduce the risk of contaminants penetrating into the concrete and make stain removal easier, a suitable sealer can be applied to the concrete surface when new or after cleaning.

此外，如果防止泄漏蔓延，则可以减少受影响的区域。为了减少受影响的区域，应该使用纸巾和/或衣服等吸收材料来吸收污染物;应避免擦拭表面，因为这倾向于将污染物如油状物传播到混凝土中。在开始去除任何污渍之前，应提供任何洗涤水和清洁操作产生的洗涤水和污染物的提供。

去除混凝土污渍的一般考虑因素

Pressure Washing

A variety of common stains can be removed by pressure washing with equipment that allows the introduction of a range of detergents and cleaning chemicals into the water stream. Suppliers of pressure washing equipment will usually have a range of appropriate products available for specific stains. Chemicals are used to either dissolve the stain or break/reduce the bond between the contaminant and concrete surface, making removal easier. Some pressure washers may also allow higher temperature water to be used to improve the performance of the cleaning chemicals.

防止泄漏扩散将减少the area to be cleaned. Surface appearance Mechanical methods of stain removal such as abrasive blasting and grinding, and some chemical methods such as acid etching, remove stains by removing the affected concrete. This will change the surface appearance (both texture and colour) and should be considered when selecting an appropriate cleaning method.

Before attempting to remove a stain from concrete, a small trial area in an inconspicuous location should be treated to assess the effect of the cleaning method and any chemical products proposed. As cleaned areas may differ in color and texture to the surrounding concrete surface, the entire area and not just the stained portion may need to be treated in order to maintain a consistent appearance.

Poultices将液体化学物质应用于局部污渍或特定区域，可以使用碎片。Poultice由与猫砂，滑石或类似的惰性吸收材料混合的清洁化学品组成，以形成湿物质或糊状物，其可以以约10至12mm的厚度施加到混凝土表面上。这允许化学物质与污渍紧密接触，并将其转移到混凝土中，在那里它可以溶解和/或抽出染色材料。由于干燥过程将化学物质和污染物退回混凝土表面，通常在去除之前允许Poultices干燥。

使用酸和其他清洁化学品

The following points should be considered when using acids and other cleaning chemicals:

如果使用不正确，稀盐酸，氯漂白剂，磷酸二钠和其他化学基础的倾斜剂可能是危险的。应遵循供应商的说明和关于安全和稀释率的建议。

When diluting acid, the acid should be added to water, not water to the acid. A large amount of heat is released when strong acids are mixed with water. If water is added to acid, an extremely concentrated solution of acid is initially formed. Enough heat may be generated to cause the solution to boil very violently, splashing concentrated acid out of the container. If acid is added to water, the solution that forms is very dilute and the small amount of heat released is not enough to vaporize and spray it. Hydrochloric acid should not be mixed with other chemicals as the reaction may also be violent and cause acid to splash out of the container.

Suitable protective clothing should be worn at all times and work undertaken only in well-ventilated areas. Fans should be used to provide fresh air to the work area.

应始终可用中和剂和水源。易于获得的中性剂是碳酸钠，以每升50克的水分混合。这也可用于预湿和最终冲洗。仅使用稀释的酸并在使用后立即洗掉。酸通常稀释至1份酸至10-20份水的混合物以进行清洁目的。较强的酸溶液在除去污渍时可能更有效，但是可以导致制备盐（作为化学反应的副产物），其甚至更难以去除。

应考虑酸洗的适用性，因为它可能影响内置部件，例如预先形成的金属接头，销钉杆，白蚁屏蔽，门窗/门框。

去除特定的混凝土污渍

Chewing gum

For isolated spots, solidify the gum with ice cubes and scrape off as much as possible. Then apply a poultice saturated with methylated spirits and leave until dry. This should turn the residue gum brittle, making removal possible with a stiff bristle or wire brush. Finish by washing the affected area with hot soapy water, then rinse with clean water.

For areas requiring significant amounts to be removed, or for applications where the gum has been walked into the concrete surface, the easiest method is high-temperature steam cleaning. The high temperature dissolves the gum and allows it to be washed from the surface. Note that this method can also be used for isolated spots if the equipment is available.

另一种方法是尽可能多地刮掉咀嚼口香糖，然后用诸如乙酸镁的溶剂除去耐腐蚀。乙酸淀粉酯还有助于去除类似物质，例如塑料胶水和粘合剂，大多数蜡烛蜡，漆，聚氨酯和涂料污渍。请注意，虽然乙酸氨基乙酯通常用于干洗工业中以除去口香糖污渍，但它通常不少量可用;可能需要使用适用于去除粘合剂和漆的类似产品。